AMOSARIN JINI (SICKLE CELL ANEMIA)

Sickle Cell Disease (CUTAR AMOSARIN JINI) 

©Ayeesh Chuchu 

Sikila cuta ce da ake gada daga iyaye wadanda suke dauke da carrier na sicklecell wato S a cikin jinin su. Walau su kasance dukkansu AS ko SS.. 

Ita wannan cuta ta Sikila tana kama jajayen jinin halitta (redblood cells) wanda take saka su lankwashewa su yi kamar lauje. Wannan tauyewar da red blood cells keyi Shi ake kira da Sicklecell Disorder. 

Su wadannan red blood cells ɗin da suka gurbace su kan toshe magudanan jini su hana Iskar oxygen shiga yanda ya kamata. 

A sanadiyar hakan sikila takan jawo lalacewar zuciya, hunhu, koda, hanta, kasusuwa (bones) da spleen. Masu dauke da wannan cutar suna fama da ciwuka akai-akai a sanadiyar gurbataccen jinin da ke dunqula a gefe guda yana toshe hanyoyin jini. 

Ana yawan samun cutar sikila a yankin Africa, African-American, South and Central America etc.

Mutane ma su dauke da sikila suna fama da yawan kasala, ciwon gabbai,sarkewar numfashi, karancin kwayoyin halitta da ke sa girman jiki. Shiyasa mafi yawan ma su Sikila su ke tsamurarru. 

Yawancin masu cutar ba’a rasa su da canzawar fatar jiki da kalar idanu zuwa kalar ruwan dorawa (yellow). Da yawan su na fama da zazzabi mai zafi wanda baya jin magani.

ALAMOMIN SIKILA 
Alamomin cutar bata nunawa daga haihuwa tana fara bayyana ne a tsakanin yara masu watanni biyar zuwa shida. 

 Wasu daga cikin yaran kan fara samun ciwuka da suka shafi cutar cikin kankanin lokaci wasu daga cikin kuma sai a gaba cutar ke bayyana. 

Early stage da ake gane cutar sune:

1. Yawan kumburin kafa da hannuwa

2. Yawan kasala 

3. Canjawar kalar fatar jiki da idanu zuwa yellow kala wanda a likitance ake kira da jaundice, ko kuma idanun su canza zuwa white kala wanda a likitance ake kira da icteris. 
Alamomin wannan cutar suna bambamta daga wannan mutum zuwa wancan, ko kuma ta dalilin canjin yanayi..

Masu ciwon sikila na cikin wadannan hadarurruka wadanda ke jawo ciwo a jiki irin su 

Ciwon baya

Ciwon kirji

Ciwon kafa 

Ciwon hannu

Ciwon mara

Wadannan ciwuka na faruwa ne a dalilin gajiya, rashin shan ruwa isasshe, rashin lafiya,canzawar yanayi ko damuwa. 
Sannan suna shiga cikin mawuyacin ciwo wanda su kadai suka san irin radadin da suke ji. 

Idan kuma SCD d’in ya yi tsanani yana kawo k’arancin numfashi, gajiya, juwa, da kuma ciwon gabbai. Sannan yana damaging d’in SPLEEN. Spleen gland ne da ke k’asan mara daga gefen hagu, yana tarwatsa tsaffin RED BLOOD CELLS, sannan yana a matsayin rumbu na adana jini. Yana producing LYMPHOCYTES (a type of WHITE BLOOD CELLS) a jikin d’an Adam. 
  Rashin k’arfi ko tarwatsewar SPLEEN yana haifar da 

A). Blood infection (SEPTICEMIA. 

B). Lung infection (PNEUMONIA) 

C). Brain & Spinal cord disease (MENINGITIS) 

D). Bone Infection (OSTEOMYELITIS).”.

MAGUNGUNANSU
Suna amfani da anti-biotics wajen magance wasu ciwuka da ke addabar masu cutar. Kamar penicillin antibiotics ana ba yara yan wata biyu zuwa shekara biyar, hakan na hana su kamuwa daga cutar namoniya (pneumonia). Haka ma manya na shan shi dan kariya daga wasu cututtuka. 
Suna amfani da pain reliever wajen magance matsalolin ciwon jiki da gabbai. Suna shafa robb/menthol dan ya taimaka wajen dumama jiki. 
Akwai wani magani da ake kira da Hydroxyurea (Droxia) da ma su Sikila ke sha wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage yawan ciwukansu, sannan yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan karin jini (blood transfusion). Duk wasu masu bincike sun ce yawan amfani da shi nada illa.

Ana so daga zarar an haifi jariri an tabbatar da yana da sikila a Dora shi akan rigakafin da ake ma kananan yara. Hakan na taimakawa wajen yaqi da wasu cututtukan. 
Karin jini

Masu fama da wannan cutar suna da karancin jajayen halittun jini (red blood cells), a dalilin hakan ne ake yawan kara masu jini daga masu bayarwa (donors) wadanda aka tabbatar da jinin su mai kyau ne. Wasu daga cikin su ana kwashe gurbataccen jinin jikinsu, a kara masu sabo dan karin lafiyar su na wasu lokutta kafin red blood cells ɗin su kara gurbacewa.

KULA DA SU 

Ana son aba masu wannan cuta ta Sikila kulawa ta musamman dangane da abinci, abin sha, muhalli, sutura da walwalarsu. 

Ana so su rika cin abinci mai gina jiki wanda ya kunshi ‘balanced diet’. 

Abin sha ana so su rika shan ruwa sosai, saboda ruwan kan taimaka wajen kara karfin jiki, rashin shan isashshen ruwan kan kawo DEHYDRATION. 
Muhallin su ya zama mai tsafta saboda gudun cudanya da kwayoyin cuta. Su zama a muhalli yalwatacce da zai rika saka su nishadi. 
Suturarsu ta zama mai dan kauri wadda zata taimaka wajen dumama jikinsu. Misali cikin sanyi da damina ana so su rika amfani da rigunan sanyi (sweaters, jacket, cardigans), safar hannu da ta kafa, hular sanyi dan kare jiki daga kamuwa da cututtukan da ke tattare da iska.

MAGANIN DA KE WARKAR DA MASU SIKILA 
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT (DASHEN B’ARGON K’ASHI) 
Bone marrow transplant kamar yanda ake ana dashen zuciya, k’oda, hanta da sauransu to shima haka ake dashen bone marrow d’in. 

   Bone marrow a tsakiyar kasusuwa ƙ(bones) ake samun shi, yana da d’an maik’o (6argo),shi wannan 6argon za ka gan shi kamar yellow haka kowacce dabba ta na da shi, shi yellow marrow d’in ake kira da FATTY TISSUES, a jiki akwai wani d’an zare mak’ale da marrow d’in za a ganshi shi ja (red marrow) kamar jini aka kiranshi da MYELOID TISSUES. 

   Yawancin red blood cells, platelets, da white blood cells duk amfi halittarsu a cikin shi red marrow d’in, kadan daga ciki ne ake forming d’in su a yellow marrow. So shi wannan bone marrow d’in na taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikin d’an Adam wajen kewayar jini a jiki, k’ara k’arfin garkuwar jiki, samuwar blood cells dss. 

   Ana yin dashen bone marrow ne a sakamakon lalacewar kwayoyin halitta (cells) irin diseases kamar  leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sickle cell anaemia,thalassemia,aplastic anaemia,congenital neutropenia d.s.s. Duk ciwuka ne da ba su jin magani.

 Sannan shi bone marrow transplant din ya kasu kashi biyu, akwai AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT shi wannan autologous ɗin ana cire bone marrow d’in da ke jikin mara lafiya a sakamakon wani aiki da za a yi ma shi irin su chemotherapy ko radiation treatment da a ke ma ma su cancer ana gudun kada suyi damaging bone marrow din sai a cire shi bayan anyi aiki sai a maida ma mutum. 

  D’ayan shi ake kira da ALLOGENIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT shi ne wanda ake dibar bone marrow a jikin mai bayarwa (donor) wanda jininsu ya zo ɗaya amfi diba jikin ‘dan uwa ko’ yar uwa idan ba'a samu ba sai a nemi wanda jininsu ya zo daya.

  Za a yi ma shi DONOR din gwajin cututtuka irin su HIV test, hepatitis virus da sauran tests da ake yi dan a tabbatar da lafiyar shi mai bayarwa. 

  Ana amfani da APHERESIS MACHINE wajen dibar bone marrow d’in Donor din ta hanyar soka allura kamar dai ta gwajin jini, APHERESIS ɗin ke taimakawa wajen pumping jini in da jinin ke kasuwa gida hudu, white blood cells da platelet da ke dauke da marrow ɗin su ake dauka sai red blood cells da plasma da aka ware a mayar ma donor abinshi duk ta hanyar APHERESIS. 

  Wannan shi ne tak’aitaccen bayani kan sikila (sicklecell disease). 

Ayeesh Chuchu